Verification of the new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculation in asphalt layers of pavements

The new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculations in asphalt layers has been developed and published recently by the author. This paper presents verification of this method. The verification is based on the comparison of the results of calculations with results of testing of thermal stresses in Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses according to the new method were based on rheological parameters of the Burgers model. The parameters were measured in laboratory at different low temperatures, at long time creep under constant loading. Five asphalt mixes were tested. Three of them were high modulus asphalt concretes and two conventional asphalt concretes. Specimens were prepared in exactly the same way both for rheological creep tests and for the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The results of measured thermal stresses were compared with thermal stresses calculated from the new viscoelastic method developed by the author and in most cases a good agreement was found. For comparison, the measured stresses were compared with results of calculations according to the existing methods. The viscoelastic Monismith method failed in prediction of thermal stresses. The prediction from the quasi-elastic Hills and Brien method was underestimated, but better than from the Monismith method and worse than from the new viscoelastic method. The reasons of discrepancies were discussed.     

A Continuously Tunable Solid-Like Convective Thermal Metadevice on the Reciprocal Line

The emerging thermal metamaterials and metadevices demonstrate significant potential to transform thermal conduction. However, the thermal conductivities of existing devices are all restricted at fixed values if the configuration or constituent materials are static. Thermal convection provides an additional tool to boost and flexibly modify the heat transfer in moving matter, but it is essentially distinct from thermal conduction since the Onsager reciprocity is generally broken in the former but preserved in the latter. Therefore, it is difficult to use convective components for sophisticated control of conductive heat. Here, it is shown that a convective system can be made undistinguishable from a conductive one in principle, by discovering and operating on the reciprocal line of mechanically rotating systems. The realized thermal metadevice can thus mimic a solid-like material whose thermal conductivity dynamically covers a wide range. It offers great possibilities of real-time smooth control over heat transfer for broad applications.     

热效应对高速圆锥动静压轴承静特性的影响

为研究热效应对高速圆锥动静压轴承静特性的影响,建立具有深浅腔结构的圆锥动静压轴承的Reynolds方程、能量方程、深腔流量平衡方程及相关控制方程;采用有限元法和有限差分法对其进行离散,运用正系数法则对能量方程系数及常数项的离散系数进行处理,联立求解得到油膜压力分布与温度分布,计算出高速圆锥动静压轴承的静参数,并分析热效应对高速圆锥动静压轴承静特性的影响。结果表明:热效应使高速圆锥动静压轴承油膜压力减小,且转速越大,压力减幅越大,油膜温升越明显;计入热效应后,润滑油黏度降低,引起高速圆锥动静压轴承偏位角增大,轴向、径向承载力减小,端泄流量增大,摩擦力减小,且转速越高变化越显著。     

地埋管换热器分区运行对土壤热堆积特性影响的研究

为了缓解埋管区域土壤的热量堆积问题,提出了埋管换热器按内中外、块状、间隔三种分区运行的策略,利用CFD软件建立了10×10的井群换热模型,对地源热泵系统在三种分区与不分区运行策略下运行十年进行数值模拟,分析不同分区运行策略对土壤温度分布和土壤热堆积特性的影响。模拟结果可知:不分区、内中外分区、块状分区、间隔分区四种运行策略下埋管区域的平均温度分别为25.23、23.31、23.06、23.28℃,最高温度分别为40.62、32.77、40.65、38.93℃;分区运行较不分区运行可以有效缓解热堆积作用,埋管区域整体温度较不分区运行时降低了2.00℃左右,内中外分区策略可以显著缓解埋管区域热堆积。     

Research of laser remelting on the thermal-mechanical behaviors and heat treatment of yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings

In this study, the thermal and mechanical behaviors were investigated by simulating laser remelting of atmospheric plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings, and the molten depth and regions of stress concentration were compared between simulation and experiment. The heat  treatment process of the remelted coating was also simulated. The crack formation mechanism in the YSZ coating remelted by laser and the heat-treatment effect on residual stress were investigated. Results showed that the simulated results were consistent with the experimental measurements, and the residual thermal stress was the main cause of cracks formation. The coating remelted by a laser power of 1500 W and a scanning rate of 9 mm/s possessed less residual concentrated stress and segmented cracks. Heat treatment released concentrated stress, which was still accurate for the ceramic coating. If the coatings were slowly heated to demonstrate heat treatment after laser remelting, the cracks in the remelted layer decreased correspondingly.     

Low dielectric constant polyimide mixtures fabricated by polyimide matrix and polyimide microsphere fillers

Polyimide microspheres were prepared via non‐aqueous emulsion polymerization by using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as anhydride monomer and 2,2‐bis(4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane as amine monomer. The polyimide microspheres were well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM and laser particle size analyzer. They were spherical in shape and monodisperse and their size was 31–33 μm. Polyimide mixtures formed by polyimide microspheres as fillers and polyimide composed of pyromellitic and dianhydride 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) as matrix were investigated with regard to thermal properties, dielectric properties and mechanical properties. With 10%–50% polyimide microspheres in the polyimide mixtures, the dielectric constants were 2.26–2.48 (1 MHz) and the loss tangents were 0.00663–0.00857 (1 MHz), which were both significantly lower than the values for ODA‐PMDA polyimide. The decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were above 440 and 290 °C. The polyimide mixtures possessed excellent thermal resistance. When the percentage of polyimide microsphere addition was 30%, the polyimide mixtures had the largest tensile strength (128.50 MPa) and elongation at break (9.01%). These results indicate that the polyimide microspheres were used as both low dielectric fillers and reinforcing fillers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

封隔器胶筒高温高压密封性能检测试验研究

设计研制一种封隔器胶筒密封性能试验装置。该装置可模拟油井下350℃高温、20 MPa高压恶劣工况,能够模拟封隔器胶筒坐封过程,能够对封隔器胶筒的密封性能进行检测。借助试验装置对不同形式的胶筒进行环空密闭试验,测试了不同形式封隔器胶筒在不同介质下环空腔内压力变化规律,得到了试验后胶筒的形变状态、腐蚀破损情况,检验了各形式胶筒在高温高压工况下的密封性能,为封隔器胶筒的设计和改进提供可靠的试验依据。     

Thermal-Disrupting Interface Mitigates Intercellular Cohesion Loss for Accurate Topical Antibacterial Therapy

Bacterial infections remain a leading threat to global health because of the misuse of antibiotics and the rise in drug-resistant pathogens. Although several strategies such as photothermal therapy and magneto-thermal therapy can suppress bacterial infections, excessive heat often damages host cells and lengthens the healing time. Here, a localized thermal managing strategy, thermal-disrupting interface induced mitigation (TRIM), is reported, to minimize intercellular cohesion loss for accurate antibacterial therapy. The TRIM dressing film is composed of alternative microscale arrangement of heat-responsive hydrogel regions and mechanical support regions, which enables the surface microtopography to have a significant effect on disrupting bacterial colonization upon infrared irradiation. The regulation of the interfacial contact to the attached skin confines the produced heat and minimizes the risk of skin damage during thermoablation. Quantitative mechanobiology studies demonstrate the TRIM dressing film with a critical dimension for surface features plays a critical role in maintaining intercellular cohesion of the epidermis during photothermal therapy. Finally, endowing wound dressing with the TRIM effect via in vivo studies in S. aureus infected mice demonstrates a promising strategy for mitigating the side effects of photothermal therapy against a wide spectrum of bacterial infections, promoting future biointerface design for antibacterial therapy.